Large pro-government gatherings have been reported in several Iranian cities following the strikes, after hours of early confusion and then relative calm on the streets.

Crowds were seen in Mashhad, including around the Imam Reza shrine in north-east Iran, as well as in Rasht, west of Tehran. Earlier, a sizeable gathering was also reported in Palestine Square in central Tehran.

Participants appeared to be expressing anger at the attacks and support for Iran’s response, though the scale of the crowds and the wider public mood cannot be independently verified.